http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaTx5Mx2F4Y
El presente perfecto se usa en el idioma inglés para narrar hechos que ya han ocurrido en un momento no específico del pasado, y que pueden o no estar continuando en el presente. El verbo en presente perfecto, o present perfect en inglés, se construye con el verbo auxiliar have o has, si es en tercera persona, he, she, it, más el participio del verbo, past participle, también conocido como 3ª colomn (tercera columna)
Brevemente: sujeto + have/has + verbo (pasado participio)
- Ejemplos:
Afirmativo
He comido una manzana. → I have eaten an apple.
Me ha comprado un coche. → He has bought me a car.
Negativo
sujeto + haven't/ hasn´t + verbo (pasado participio)
No me ha llevado al zoológico. → He hasn´t given me a lift to the zoo.
Ellos no han estudiado para el examen. → They haven´t studied for the test.
Pregunta
Have/has + sujeto + verbo (pasado participio)?
¿Cuantas veces has visto esa película? → How many times have you seen that film?
¿Cuál ha sido la mejor película que has visto? → Which has been the best film you have ever seen?
Present perfect con for y since
"For" y "since" sirven para delimitar el tiempo de la acción del verbo. "For" tiene el significado de durante y "since", desde.
- Ejemplos:
'Afirmativo:
He vivido aquí durante 4 años. → I have lived here for four years
He vivido aquí desde 2004. → I have lived here since 2004
Negativo
No he estudiado durante ocho años. → I haven´t studied for eight years
No he estudiado desde 2002. → I haven´t studied since 2002
Present perfect con already, yet y just
"For" y "since" establecen cuando se ha concluido la acción mientras que already, just y yet.
- Already: ya
- Just: acabar de
- Yet: todavía no, aun
Ya he hecho mis deberes. →I have already done my homework
Acabo de hacer mis deberes. → I have just done my homework
Todavía no he hecho mis deberes. → I haven't done my homework yet
Present perfect con ever
Ever significa siempre y se usa para expresar lo más interesante, lo más divertido que siempre he leído, visto, oído...
Se usa frecuentemente en preguntas. También sirve para preguntar sobre alguna "experiencia".
- Ejemplos:
¿Cuál ha sido el libro más interesante que has leído? → What has been the most interesting book you have ever read?
¿Alguna vez en tu vida has estado en España? → Have you ever been in Spain?
¿Alguna vez en tu vida has tomado Tequila? → Have you ever drunk Tequila?
¿Ha estado ella alguna vez en Cancún? → Has she ever been in Cancun?
¿Alguna vez en su vida ha alimentado a un león? → Has he/she ever fed a lion?
Ejercicios
- Diana has slept until 6 o’clock.
Has Diana slept until 6 o'clock?
Diana has not slept until 6 o'clock. - I have considered the possibility of travelling abroad.
Have I considered the possibility of travelling abroad?
I have not considered the possibility of travelling abroad. - Sally has thought about her job.
Has Sally thought about her job?
Sally has not thought about her job. - The director has arranged an important meeting.
Has the director arranged an important meeting?
The director has not arranged an important meeting. - My mother has written a lot of letters to the Governor.
Has my mother written a lot of letters to the Governor?
My mother has not written a lot of letters to the Governor. - Tom and Mary have enjoyed the movie.
Have Tom and Mary enjoyed the movie?
Tom and Mary have not enjoyed the movie. - I have made many mistakes in the exam.
Have I made many mistakes in the exam?
I have not made many mistakes in the exam. - Sarah has made a delicious dinner.
Has Sarah made a delicious dinner?
Sarah has not made a delicious dinner. - I have tried to do the exercises.
Have I tried to do the exercises?
I have not tried to do the exercises. - She has listened the concert on the radio.
Has she listened the concert on the radio?
She has not listened the concert on the radio.
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